Components of Food

Nutrients.

Carbohydrates and protein.

Dietary fibres.

Starch and Sugar.

It indicates that it contains starch.

TRUE

Fats.

Yes

Energy.

Foods containing fats and carbohydrates are called ‘energy giving food’.

Potato and wheat.

Growth.

Gram and beans.

Meat and butter.

Foods containing proteins are called ‘body building food’.

Vitamins help in protecting our body against diseases.

Vitamin A keeps our skin and eyes healthy.

Calcium.

Sunlight.

Lemon and orange.

Small

TRUE

Pulses, fruits etc are sources of roughages.

TRUE.

Obesity.

Deficiency diseases.

Beriberi.

Iodine

Night blindness

Scurvy.

Bone and tooth decay

FALSE

Vitamin A

Rickets.

TRUE

Iron.

Balanced diet.

The components of food provide nutrition and hence are also termed nutrients. The different nutrients present in food are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. In addition, food must contain dietary fibres and water.

Vitamins help in protecting the body against diseases.Carrot, milk,green leafy vegetables are rich in Vitamin A

Wholegrain,cereals,potatoes,green vegetables contains Vitamin B1

The principal constituents of milk are water,fat,proteins,lactose and minerals with trace amounts of pigments,enzymes,vitamins(fat soluble vitamins A, D,E,K),phospholipids and gases. Vitamin C is not present.

Minerals are needed in small amounts, and each of them is essential for proper functioning of the body.They are required in formation of blood,coagulation of blood,functioning of muscles,nerves, thyroid gland etc.Milk, pulses,green leafy vegetables,seafood, salt (iodine), fruits are rich in minerals

Sprouts are rich in Vitamins.

Dietary fiber or roughage is the indigestible portion of food derived from plants. It has two main components: Soluble fiber, which dissolves in water, is readily fermented in the colon into gases and physiologically active byproducts, and can be prebiotic and viscous.Insoluble fiber, which does not dissolve in water,is metabolically inert and provides bulking, or it can be prebiotic and metabolically ferment in the large intestine.Wheat is insoluble fiber.

Dietary fibre is made up of cellulose which is obtained mainly from plants product.Whole grains,Whole pulses,Fruits and vegetables are plants products and provide dietary fibre. Milk is animal product and doesnt provide dietary fibre.

Peas, Gram and Soyabeans are plants protein and Cottage cheese are animal protein.

Plain water contains zero calories and is not a source of fat, protein or carbohydrates. Although pure water does not contain any additional nutrients, water often absorbs certain minerals and delivers them to your body when you drink.

Compared to other moong dal is one of the low carb pulses.Other pulses are high in protein but carbs too. Moong beans are a good source of protein for vegetarians.A 100 gm serving of moong dal can provide you with 24 gm protein.

Vitamin C,also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin found in fruits and vegetables, including oranges, strawberries, broccoli, tomatoes and green peppers. Vitamin C is easily destroyed by excessive heat and water, as well as exposure to air.

Ans: a.

Ans: b.

Ans: c.

Grass-eating animals such as cows quickly swallow grass and store it in a separate portion of their stomach called the rumen. Food gets partially digested in the rumen.Cellulose is digested in this region by the action of certain cellulose-digesting bacteria, which are absent in humans.

Glucose is simple sugar which is formed when carbohydrate get broken. Also, the carbohydrates get digested into glucose. Since, glucose does not have to be digested; it acts as an instant source of energy.

Simple sugars are called monosaccharides and include glucose (also known as dextrose), fructose, and galactose. The "table sugar" or "granulated sugar" most customarily used as food is sucrose, a disaccharide of glucose and fructose.

There are two types of starch present in rice amylose and amylopectin.

The simplest form of carbohydrate is glucose. Simple sugars that are found in foods include sucrose (table sugar), fructose (found in fruit), and lactose (found in milk).Not all simple carbs are bad. Natural simple carbs in fruit and milk are perfectly healthy.Cellulose, also called roughage or dietary fiber, is not digested by the human gastrointestinal system and used as a source of energy, although it can enhance the process of digestion and provide other health benefits.Humans are unable to digest cellulose because the appropriate enzymes to breakdown the beta acetal linkages are lacking.

wheat is rich in carbohydrates, ghee is rich in fat, iodised salt is provides minerals and spinach provides vitamins and minerals. Carbohydrates and fats are energy giving food. So wheat and ghee are energy giving food.

Iodine is an element that is needed for the production of thyroid hormone. The body does not make iodine, so it is an essential part of your diet. Salt, Salt water fish, sea food,dairy product contains iodine.

Roughage is fibrous indigestible material which aids the passage of food and waste products through the gut.

Calcium plays an important role in muscle contraction, transmitting messages through the nerves, and the release of hormones. If people aren't getting enough calcium in their diet, the body takes calcium from the bones to ensure normal cell function, which can lead to weakened bones.

The presence of starch in food can be tested with dilute iodine solution as iodine produces a black-blue colour on combination with starch.

The presence of fats can be tested on the basis of the fact that fats produce a greasy patch when rubbed on a clean sheet of paper. The greasy patch allows some light to pass through it when held against a source of light and hence appears to be bright as compared to the rest of the paper.

The presence of proteins is detected by the fact that proteins give a violet colour with alkaline solution of copper sulphate.

Since simple sugars (e.g., glucose) give a positive test, the Bebedict's solution is used to test for the presence of glucose in any solution.

Ans: c.

Test for Simple Sugar (using a known sugar)

1. Place 2 mL of 3% glucose solution in a labeled test tube.
2. In another test tube put 2 mL of water (the control)
3. Add 5 drops of Benedict’s solution to each test tube.
4. Place the test tubes in a hot water bath (about 75O C) for 3 minutes
5. Record the colours of the test tube and control in the table.

Positive test: a light green to red-brown precipitate forms. The colour depends on the amount of sugar present.

When a solution of diluted iodine is added to starch, an intensely colored starch-iodine complex forms. Colour depends on temperture.

Biuret Reagent is an aqueous solution of biuret (allophanamide) treated with cupric sulfate and sodium hydroxide. In the presence of protein, this blue solution will change color to pilnk-purple.

Biuret Reagent is an aqueous solution of biuret (allophanamide) treated with cupric sulfate and sodium hydroxide. In the presence of protein, this blue solution will change color to pink-purple.

Lipids are molecules that contain hydrocarbons and make up the building blocks of the structure and function of living cells. Lipids are translucent so light passes through it when applied on paper.

Use of unglazed paper helps detecting translucent nature easily

Test of protein

1. Make a paste or powder of food to be tested.
2. Take a small quantity of the food item in a test tube, add 10 drop of water to it and shake it.
3. Add 2 drops of copper sulphate solution to it.
4. Add 10 drops of caustic soda solution to the test tube and shake well.

Balance diet consist of a variety of different types of food providing adequate amounts of the nutrients necessary for good health.When body gets proper nutrients lesser changes of disease

Any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.

Proteins are made up of smaller building blocks called amino acids, joined together in chains. There are 20 different amino acids. Some proteins are just a few amino acids long, while others are made up of several thousands. These chains of amino acids fold up in complex ways.

Ans: c.

Fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins are rich and proper source of nutrients

Proper balanced diet full of nutrients is needed. Rice alone can not fulfill.

Fruits and vegetables are rich sources of nutrients.Maintaining good food habit will keep child always healthy

Ans: b.

Ans: b.

Goiter is a swelling of the neck or larynx resulting from enlargement of the thyroid gland due to lack of iodine.

Obesity is a condition where a person has accumulated so much body fat that it might have a negative effect on their health.

Deficiency disease are the disease caused by the lack of an element in the diet, usually a particular vitamin or mineral.

Rickets is a skeletal disorder that's caused by a lack of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. These nutrients are important for the development of strong, healthy bones. People with rickets may have weak and soft bones, stunted growth, and, in severe cases, skeletal deformities.

Scurvy inhibits the production of collagen in the body which is the structural protein that connects the tissues. Decaying of the skin and gums, abnormal formation of teeth and bones, delay or inability to heal wounds and bleeding are the effects of scurvy on the body.Due to reduced level of Vitamin C.

Ans: b.

Deficiency of iron causes lack of red blood cell with causes Anaemia. It can be repair by taking green vegetables,pulses ,meat etc in diet.

Vitamin A is vitamin.

Execessive loss of blood causes lack of vitamin K ,as blood do not have suffient Vitamin K to make cloth Hemorrhage is caused.

Ans: b.

Ans: a.

Ricket are caused to due lack of Vitamin D deficiency lack of which causes muscles weakness, bone tenderness, increasesd fracture tendency etc.

Beriberi generally affects the cardiovascular system (known as wet beriberi) or the nervous system (known as dry beriberi).

Bery-bery affects the nervous system which causes mental confusions,speech difficulty

Vitamin B1 or thiamine helps to decrease the risk for developing the specific brain disorder called Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS). Reduce in Vitamin B1 increases WKS an causes bery-bery.

Night blindness (nyctalopia) is the inability to see well at night or in poor light. It is not a disease in itself, but rather a symptom of an underlying problem, usually a retina problem.

Due lack of vitamin B1 during pregnancy.

Degeneration of the rods of the retina happens due to dietary deficiency of vitamin A.

Ans: c.

Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency disease most frequently caused by a chronic lack of niacin.

Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency disease most frequently caused by a chronic lack of niacin (vitamin B3 or vitamin PP, from pellagra-preventing factor) in the diet. It can be caused by decreased intake of niacin or tryptophan.

Ans: a.

This leads to damage of the spinal cord and brain deterioration during the course of time. It can also cause mental disorders. Its symptoms are irritability, depression, fatigue and bad memory. This is caused by deficiency of vitamin B12 in the body. Vitamin B12 can be obtained from eggs, dairy, meat, etc.

Alcohol burns up B-vitamins, especially vitamin B-1 (thiamin) leading to deficiency of it.