Microorganisms

microscope

bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae.

Viruses are microscopic infectious agent that acts as non-living outside host cell and inside host cell becomes living and show reproduction. It can affect all kind of organism including animals, plants and bacteria.

Dysentery and malaria

Typhoid and tuberculosis.

rod- shaped

Common cold, influenza(flu) and coughs

Single cellular: bacteria, protozoa and some algae like Chlamydomonas Multicellular organisms: fungi and algae like Phaeophyceae or brown algae

Some friendly microorganisms: Lactobacillus bacteria, Rhizobium bacteria and yeast like : Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Some harmful microorganisms: varicella zoster virus Xd, Mycobacterium tuberculosisetc

fermentation.

Penicillin

Fermentation is the process of food processing in which sugar is converted into alcohol by the action of microorganisms. This process is used to produce alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, and cider.

Antibioticsare types of medications that destroy or slow down the growth of disease- causing microorganism. The source of these medicines is microorganism.

An antibody is a protein produced by the body's immune systemin response to the disease carrying microbe entering our body. Antibody fights against the disease causing microbe and protect our body from infectious diseases.

Vaccination

Some bacteria and blue green algae.

Disease causing microorganisms are called pathogens.

There are some microbial diseases that can spread from an infected person to a healthy person through air, water, food or physical contact. Such kind of diseases is called communicable disease.

Cholera, common cold, chicken pox, tuberculosis.

Female Anopheles mosquito which carries parasites of malaria, female Aedes mosquito acts as carrier of dengue virus.

Malaria

Aedes

Because all mosquitoes breed in water

Foot and mouth disease of cattle caused by virus and anthrax disease of human and cattle caused by bacterium.

2

If a person consumes food spoiled by some microorganisms, then he suffers from food poisoning because of the release of harmful toxic substance by the microorganisms.

Preservatives are naturally occurring or synthetically produced substance that are generally used to check the growth of microorganisms. E.g. salt and sugar acts as preservatives in pickles to prevent the growth of microorganisms.Sodium benzoate and sodium metabisulphite are common preservatives.

Pasteurization is a process of heating a liquid to a specific temperature for a predefined length of time and then immediately cooling it after it is removed from the heat. This process slows spoilage due to microbial growth in the food.Eg: the milk is heated to about 70 °c for 15 to 30 seconds and then suddenly chilled and stored. This process was discovered by Louis Pasteur.

Rhizobium bacteria. It lives in root nodules of leguminous plants.

We can see microorganisms only with the help of microscope.

Fermentation.

a. Manure

Louis Pasteur discovered fermentation and Edward Jenner discovered vaccine for smallpox.

Sodium benzoate and sodium metabisulphite are common food preservatives.