Atoms and Molecules

MOLECULE : -

A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance of independent existence. A molecule is composed of two or more atoms, its constituent atoms are chemically bonded together.

MOLECULAR FORMULA : -

The actual number of the constituent atoms in a molecule of a substance is called its molecular formula.

CLASSIFACTION OF MOLECULES : -

The atoms bonded together in a molecule may be of the same type or of different types.

1. Molecules of elements

2. Molecules of compounds

MOLECULES OF ELEMENTS : -

A molecule of an element is composed of two or more than two similar type of atoms.

ATOMICITY : -

The number of atoms bonded in a molecule of an element is called its atomicity.

CLASSIFICATION OF MOLECULES OF ELEMENTS BY ATOMICITY : -

The number of atoms in a molecule the elements are classified as monatomic, diatomic, diatomic and polyatomic.

MONATOMIC MOLECULES OF ELEMENTS : -

The noble gases exist in the atomic form and are stable, it’s called monatomic molecules.

EXAMPLE : -

Helium (He),

Neon (Ne),

Argon (Ar),

krypton (Kr),

Xenon (Xe),

Radon (Rn)

DIATOMIC MOLECULES OF ELEMENTS : -

A molecule containing two atoms is called a diatomic molecule. The atomicity of each diatomic molecule is 2.

EXAMPLE : -

Hydrogen (H2),

Oxygen (O2),

Nitrogen (N2),

Fluorine (F2),

Chlorine (Cl2),

Bromine (Br2)

TRIATOMIC MOLECULES OF ELEMENTS : -

A molecule containing three atoms is called a triatomic molecule.

EXAMPLE : -

Ozone (O3)

POLYATOMIC MOLECULES OF ELEMENTS : -

The molecules containing four or more atoms of the same element are called polyatomic molecules.

EXAMPLE : -

Phosphorus (P4)

Sulphur (S8)

Boron (B12)

Fullerene (C60)

MOLECULES OF COMPOUNDS : -

A molecule of compound is composed of two or more atoms of different elements in definite proportions and chemically bonded.

COMPOUND FORMULA TYPE ATOMICITY
Hydrogen chloride HCl Diatomic 2
Carbon dioxide CO2 Triatomic 3
Ammonia NH3 Tetratomic 4
Methane CH4 Pentatonic 5
Methanol H3OH Hex atomic 6

 

Submitted By Mr. Ajay Kumar
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