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Biology

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Q. 1. Write the location and function of the following

  1. Cytoskeleton
  2. Phytol chain
  3. Synergid
  4. Sieve tube element
  5. Centromere

Sol.

  1. Location– Cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell.
    Function– Support to the cell
  2. Location– Chlorophyll
    Function– Anchors the chlorophyll molecule into the lipid part of thylakoid membrane.
  3. Location– Embryo sac
    Function– Secreting chemotactically active substance for attracting pollen tube and forming seat for pollen
    tube discharge.
  4. Location– Phloem
    Function– Translocation of solute
  5. Location– Chromosome
    Function– Attachment of spindle fibres.

Q. 2.

(a)

What is shown in diagram (a)?
What are (P) and (Q)?

 (b)

Tell whether it is T1- phage or T2- phage?
(c)

Which type of ovule is this?
Give one reason.

 (d)

What is this type of flower called?
Give examples of such flower:
(e)

Which type of aestivation is this? Give examples?

    
  1. Nostoc ; (P) = Heteroayst; (Q) = Akinete
  2. T2 -phage, (a) collar, (b) Tail fibre
  3. Anatropous ovule, Body of the ovule is inverted.
  4. Epigynous flower, e.g., Cucurbitaceae, Asteracseae
  5. Vexillary or des cending imbricate, e.g., Soyabean, Gram, Crotolaria, etc.

Q. 3. Write down the types of placentation, inflorescence and fruit of the following

  1. Pea
  2. Coriander
  3. Wheat
  4. Sunflower
  5. Mustard

Sol.

S. N. Plant Placentation Inflorescence Fruit
(a) Pea Marginal Solitary axillary or terminal, raceme Pod orlegume
(b) Coriander

Axile

 Compound umbel Ceremocarp
(c)  Wheat Basal Spike of spike of spikelet Caryopsis
(d) Sunflower Basal Capitulum Cypsela
(e) Mustard raceme Parietal Corymbose Siliqua

Q. 4. Differentiate between the following [Give one important difference]

  1. Culm and Caudex
  2. Slime moulds and fungi
  3. Cyathium and hypanthodium
  4. Biological magnification and eutrophication
  5. White rust and Brown rust

Sol.

(a)

Culm

Caudex

Joint stem with solid nodes and hollow
internodes e.g., Bambusa

Unbranched cylindrical stem with crown of leaves at apex. Marked with scars of fallen leaves e.g., Coconut

(b)

Slime moulds

Fungi

 

Vegetative cell without cell wall but spores with cellulosic cell wall

Vegetative cell with cell wall made up of either fungal cellulose or chitin or both.

(c)

Cyathium

Hypanthodium

 

Peduncle terminates into a single female flower. It is surrounded by a large number of male flowers in scorpoid
cyme. Whole inflorescence is enclosed within a cup shaped involucre. Male flowers are represented only by a single
stamen. Female flower is represented only by a tricarpellary pistil e.g.,
Euphorbia.

Main axis forms a flesly cup-shaped receptacle. It has an apical opening called ostiole. Unisexual flowers
are borne on the inner wall of the cup in cymose groups. Male flower are near the ostiole and fertile female flowers at the base of the cup. Besides these, sterile female flowers called gall flowers are also present e.g., Ficus.

(d)

Biological magnification

Eutrophication

Non-biodegradable pesticides pass into food chain and increase in amount per unit weight of organisms with the rise in trophic level due to their accumulation in fat tissue. The phenomenon is called
biomagnification.

Due to run off from fields, lawns and detergent rich sewage into the water body there is nutrient enrichment of the water body. The phenomenon is
called entrophication. It supports a dense growth of algae called algal bloom.

(e)

White rust

Brown rust

 

It is a fungal disease caused by Cystopus candidus or Albugo candidaon vegetative parts of crucifers.

It is a fungal disease caused by Puccinia reconditaon vegetative parts of wheat plant.

Q. 5. Match the column-I and Column-II

Column-I

Column-II

(a) Jacob and Monod

(i) Neurospora

(b) One gene one enzyme hypothesis

(ii) Operon

(c) Griffith

(iii) Reverse Transcriptase

(d) Temin and Baltimore

(iv) Okazaki fragments

(e) DNA polymerase

(v) Transformation

 

(vi) Transduction

 

(vii) Conjugation

Sol. (a) – (ii), (b)– (i), (c) – (v), (d) – (iii) , (e)– (iv)

Q. 6. Fill in the blanks with suitable words given in boxes:

Marsilea

Coralloid root

Usnea

Eichhornia

Monoecious

Pneumatophores

Geitonogamy

Cycas

Pinus

Dioecious

Vivipary

Xenogamy

Oscillatoria

  1. Rhizophorahas both _______________________and _________________
  2. (b) Aquatic plants are ______________________(Pteridophyte) and_______________________(Angiosperm)
  3. (c) Plant bearing both male and female flowers is called______________and the pollination between different
    flowers of the same plant is called_______________.
  4. ____________has ______________.

Sol.

  1. Pneumatophores, Vivipary
  2. Marsilea, Eichhornia
  3. Monoecious, Geitonogamy
  4. Cycas, Coralloid root

Q. 7.

  1. Give any two conditions for seed habit.
  2. Which of these shows tendency of seed habit?

    Lycopodium

    Equisetum

    Selaginella

    Pteris

    Dryopteris

    Pteridiun
  3. Suggest three ways to break seed dormancy.

Sol.

  1. Heterospory, formation of female gametophyte inside magasporangium.
  2. Selaginella
  3. Mechanical scarification, stratification, impaction.

Q. 8. Fill in the blanks

  1. Mutation can be defined as ______________________________variation.
  2. Mutation leads to evolution of _____________________ of a gene.
  3. Genes expressed only in homozygous state are_____________________.
  4. When both alleles of a gene are expressed it is __________________.
  5. Gene, which is most frequent is ________________type.

Sol.

  1. Sudden heritable
  2. New alleles
  3. Recessive
  4. Codominance
  5. Wild type

Q. 9.

  1. Who discovered photoperiodism?
  2. Select one SDP and one LDP from following plantsChrysanthemum , Rice, Spinach, Barley, Radish
  3. Who gave the term ‘Phytochrome’? Give one specific feature of phytochrome.

Sol.

  1. Garner and Allard
  2. SDP – Chrysanthemum
    LDP – Spinach
  3. Borthwick, Induction of flowering

Q. 10. Match the Column-I and Column-II

Column-I

Column-II

(a) Indian Rhinoceros

(i) Extinct

(b) Acid rain

(ii) Endangered

(c) Somaclonal variations

(iii) Gir forest

(d) Protoplasm fusion

(iv) Corbett National Park

(e) Biopiracy

(v) CFC
 

(vi) Nitrogen oxide
 

(vii) Sulphur oxide
 

(viii) PEG
 

(ix) Mutation
 

(x) Tumeric

Sol. (a)– (iv), (b)–(v), (c)–(xi), (d)– (viii), (e)–(x)

Q. 11.Differentiate between

  1. Habitat and Niche
  2. Flora and Vegetation
(a)

Habitat

Niche
Habitat is a place where an organism lives. It represents a particular set of environmental conditions suitable for its
successful growth.		 Niche represents not only the place where an organism lives but the range of conditions and resource qualities within which a species can survive and reproduce.

(b)

Flora

Vegetation
Total number of plant species found in an area constitutes it’s flora. Types of plants found in an area constitute the vegetation of the area e.g., Xerophytic vegetation is found in deserts.

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