Economics

Q. 4. Distinguish between Public sector and private sector.

Ans. Public Sector

1. It is controlled and managed by the government.
2. The main aim of the sector is public welfare.
3. The sector provides basic facilities like education, health, food and security to the people.
4. For ex, the Indian Railways, Post Office and the BSNL.

Private Sector

1. .It is controlled and managed by an individual or a group
2. The main aim of the sector is to earn maximum profits.
3. The sector provides consumer goods to the people.
4. For ex, Reliance, TISCO, etc

Q.5 What are the objectives of NREGA 2005?
OR

Why do you think NREGA, 2005 is referred to as ‘Right to Work’?
Ans.

1. NREGA, 2005 is a law which is implemented by government of Indian in 200 districts of India.
2. It is referred to as ‘Right to Work’ because it guarantees 100days of employment in a year by the government to all those who are able to work.
3. Under this scheme, the gram panchayat after proper verification will register households, and issue job cards.
4. And in case of failure unemployment allowance will be given to them.

Q.6.What are the advantages of working in an organized sector?

Ans.

1. Workers in the organized sector enjoy security of employment.
2. They work only a fixed number of hours. If they work more, they have to be paid overtime by the employer.
3. They also get several other benefits from the employers like paid leave, payment during holidays, provident fund, gratuity, etc.
4. They also get medical benefits and, under the laws, the factory manager has to ensure facilities like drinking water and a safe working environment.

Q.7.What are the disadvantages of working in an organized sector?
Or
Why is it necessary to give protection and support to the unorganized sector workers? Explain.

Ans.

1. The unorganized sector is characterized by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government.Workers working in an unorganized sector get fewer wages.
2. There is no provision of overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness, etc.
3. Employment is subject to high degree of insecurity.

Q.8.what is meant by enterprise? Classify enterprises on the basis of ownership.

Ans.When a person, a group of persons, is engaged in the production or distribution of goods or services which are meant mainly for the purpose of sale, it is called an enterprise. Enterprises can be classified into Private and Public sector enterprise.

Q.9.What are the measures to reduce unemployment?

Ans.

1. Rural works programme: This program aims at construction of civil works of permanent nature in rural areas.
2. Integrated Dry land agricultural development: Under this scheme, permanent works like soil conservation, development of land water harvesting are undertaken.
3. National Rural Employment Program: This program aims at creating community assets for strengthening rural infrastructure – drinking water wells, community irrigation wells, village tanks, rural roads and schools.
4. Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Program: It aims at generating gainful employment, creating productive assets in rural areas and improving the overall quality of rural life.

Q.10.Causes of unemployment.

Ans.

1. Insufficient economic development : It is true that under the planned development millions of new jobs were created but the number of job lookers was much more than those jobs.
2. Defective system of education: In our educational system there is lack of training facilities, lack of vocational and professional guidance.
3. Slow growth of industrialization: Slow growth of industrialization in the country is yet another cause of unemployment in the urban areas.