Geography

Q.10.Discuss the problems which have been caused due to over utilization of resources.

Ans.

i)Depletion of resources:- Overutilization has led to the depletion of the resources for meeting the greed of few individuals. For example, over utilization of petroleum products has led to a situation where most of the countries of the world are facing energy crisis.
ii)Concentration of resources:- This has divided the society into haves and have not or the rich and the poor.
iii)Global ecological crisis:- Over-utilization of resources has led to the global ecological crisis such as global warming, depletion or ozone layer, pollution and land degradation.

Q.11.India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources.’ Explain.

Ans.

i). The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in mineral resources but lacks industrialization.
ii). Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources, but lacks in infrastructural development. The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy, but lack in water resources. The cold desert area of Ladakh is relatively isolated from the rest of the country due to lack of means of transportation and communication.

Q.12.How over irrigation and mining leads to land degradation?

Ans.

i). Over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging which leads to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
ii). The minerals procession like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land.

Q.13. Explain the major factors which are responsible for the formation of soil.

Ans.

i). Relief, parent rock or bed rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil.
ii) Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers, etc. contribute to the formation of soil.
iii). Chemical and organic changes which take place in the soil are equally important.
iv) Soil also consists of organic (humus) and inorganic materials.

Q.14.Humus content of the laterite soil is very low. Explain by giving two reasons

Ans.

i). The soil is formed due to intense leaching. So the nutrients of the soil are washed away by heavy rains.
ii). The soil is formed in the regions of high temperature. So most of the micro-organisms, particularly the decomposers, like bacteria, get destroyed.

Q.15.What is resource planning? Mention the steps which are involved in resource planning.

Ans.A resource planning is a technique or skill of proper or judicious use of resources.

i). Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
ii). Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans.
iii). Matching tthe resource development plants with overall national development plans.