Economics

Q. 5. What is net attendance ratio?

Ans .It is the total number of children of age group 6-10 attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.

Q. 6 What is the importance of Human development Index?

Ans.

1. It indicates the level of development of a country.
2. It indicates to a country how far it has travelled, and how far it has yet to travel to achieve a high rank
3. Through it one comes to know the important elements of economic welfare like life expectancy, level of education attainment and read per capita income.

Q. 7.‘Human development is the essence of social development’. Explain.

Ans.

1. Human development focuses on the people.
2. It is concerned with the well being of the people, their needs, choices and aspirations. All these help in building a right kind of society.
3. It is all about the enlarging or widening the choices for the people. It is the building of human capabilities, such as education, information and knowledge, to have opportunities of livelihood.
4. Human development focuses on the expansion of basic choices.

Q. 8 What are the limitation of the per capital income criteria of development?

Or
‘Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well.’ Explain

Ans.

1. Per capital income of Punjab is higher than Kerala but still in lacks behind in education and health facilities.
2. In Kerala, out of 1000 children born alive, 11 die before completing one year of age but in Punjab the proportion of children dying is 49, which is nearly 5 times more. Money or higher per capita income cannot buy a pollution free environment or good health.
3. Money cannot buy peace and democracy.

Q . 9.What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion?

Ans.

1. Rich or High income countries:Countries with per capita income of Rs 4,53,000 per annum and above in 2004, are called rich countries.
2. Poor or low income countries:The countries with per capital income of Rs 37,000 or less, are called low income countries.

India comes in the category of low income countries because its per capital income in 2004 was just Rs 28,000.Limitations:

1. It covers only the economic aspects ignoring peace, health, environment, education, longevity, etc.
2. The method does not provide us the distribution of income.

Q. 10.What is meant by sustainable economic development? Give its main feature.

Ans.It means that development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations. This concept stresses the role of the environment as capital that, if exhausted, cannot be replaced. It requires preservation of human capital, physical capital and natural capital.
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) defined it as ‘Development that meets the need of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.’